If you intend to set up a web server (or streaming server) in your
Ubuntu machine, apache is one important module that you must install. In
this tutorial, we will show you how to install and configure apache for
your Ubuntu.
Note: If you just want to have a quick setup of LAMP server,
follow the guide here.
Installing Apache
Getting
apache onto your Ubuntu machine is easy. Using either the Synaptic
Package Manager, Ubuntu Software Center, search and install the “
apache2” module. Alternatively, you can open a terminal and type the following command:
sudo apt-get install apache2
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Once the installation finished, open a browser and go to the URL “
http://localhost“. If you see the word “
It Works!“, then your installation of apache is successful.
Configuring Apache
Start, Stop and Restart Apache
After you have installed Apache, it will be added to the
init.d list and will auto start whenever you boot up your computer. The following commands allow you to start, restart, stop Apache.
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 start #start apache
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 stop #stop apache
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart #restart apache
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To prevent Apache from autostart when booting up:
sudo update-rc.d -f apache2 remove
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To restore Apache back to the autostart list:
sudo update-rc.d apache2 defaults
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Note:
the above commands will work in debian-based distro (including Ubuntu) only.
Changing the default localhost folder
By default, apache will operate on the “
/var/www”
folder. This means that whatever files you place in this /var/www
folder will be visible from the URL http://localhost. In some instances,
you may want the “localhost” to point to another folder instead, say
/home/user/public_html. Here is how you do it:
First, make sure the
/home/damien/public_html folder exists. Create a simple html file, name it
index.html and place it in the public_html folder.
Open a terminal and type:
gksu gedit /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default
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Change
DocumentRoot /var/www to
DocumentRoot /home/user/public_html.
Change
<Directory /var/www/> to
<Directory /home/user/public_html/>.
Save and exit the file.
Restart the apache
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
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Now, in your browser, reload the URL
http://localhost. You should see the html file that you have placed in the public_html folder.
Configuring different sites
The
above trick allows you to change the default operating folder of
apache, however, some of you might not want to override the default
settings. An alternative is to create multiple sites and point apache to
the active site.
Create a new settings file for your new site.
sudo cp /etc/apache2/sites-available/default /etc/apache2/sites-available/site1
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Next, edit this settings file.
gksu gedit /etc/apache2/sites-available/site1
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Change
DocumentRoot /var/www to
DocumentRoot /home/user/public_html.
Change
<Directory /var/www/> to
<Directory /home/user/public_html/>.
Save and exit the file.
Disable the
default setting and make active the
site1 settings
sudo a2dissite default && sudo a2ensite site1
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Lastly, restart the apache.
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
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With
this trick, you can create multiple site configuration file, each
pointing to a different folder. You can then easily switch between the
sites with the
a2dissite and
a2ensite command
Enabling .htaccess file
.htaccess
file is a powerful file that can be used to control and customize a
site server behavior without editing the core Apache module. By default,
the
.htaccess functionality is turned off and all instances of
.htaccess files are completely ignored. The server will not even attempt to read .htaccess files in the filesystem.
To enable .htaccess file, open up the settings file that you have created earlier:
gksu gedit /etc/apache2/sites-available/site1
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Scroll down the file until you see the part “
<Directory /home/user/public_html/>“. Underneath that line of code, change
AllowOverride None to
AllowOverride All.
Save and exit the file.
